Skip to main content
N I Direct government services

Main navigation

  • Home
  • News
  • Contacts
  • Help
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
  • YouTube
  • RSS

Translation help

Translate this page

Select a language

  • Afrikaans — Afrikaans
  • Albanian — Shqip
  • Amharic — አማርኛ
  • Arabic — العربية
  • Armenian — Հայերեն
  • Assamese — অসমীয়া
  • Aymara — Aymar aru
  • Azerbaijani — Azərbaycan dili
  • Bambara — Bamanankan
  • Basque — Euskara
  • Belarusian — Беларуская
  • Bengali — বাংলা
  • Bhojpuri — भोजपुरी
  • Bosnian — Bosanski
  • Bulgarian — Български
  • Cantonese — 廣州話
  • Catalan — Català
  • Cebuano — Sinugbuanong Binisayâ
  • Chichewa — Chichewa
  • Chinese (Simplified) — 简体中文
  • Chinese (Traditional) — 繁體中文
  • Corsican — Corsu
  • Croatian — Hrvatski
  • Czech — Čeština
  • Danish — Dansk
  • Dhivehi — ދިވެހި
  • Dogri — डोगरी
  • Dutch — Nederlands
  • English — English
  • Esperanto — Esperanto
  • Estonian — Eesti
  • Ewe — Eʋegbe
  • Filipino — Filipino
  • Finnish — Suomi
  • French — Français
  • Frisian — Frysk
  • Galician — Galego
  • Georgian — ქართული
  • German — Deutsch
  • Greek — Ελληνικά
  • Guarani — Avañe’ẽ
  • Gujarati — ગુજરાતી
  • Haitian Creole — Kreyòl ayisyen
  • Hausa — Hausa
  • Hawaiian — ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi
  • Hebrew — עברית
  • Hindi — हिन्दी
  • Hmong — Hmoob
  • Hungarian — Magyar
  • Icelandic — Íslenska
  • Igbo — Asụsụ Igbo
  • Ilocano — Ilokano
  • Indonesian — Bahasa Indonesia
  • Irish — Gaeilge
  • Italian — Italiano
  • Japanese — 日本語
  • Javanese — Basa Jawa
  • Kannada — ಕನ್ನಡ
  • Kazakh — Қазақ тілі
  • Khmer — ភាសាខ្មែរ
  • Kinyarwanda — Ikinyarwanda
  • Konkani — कोंकणी
  • Korean — 한국어
  • Krio — Krio
  • Kurdish (Kurmanji) — Kurdî
  • Kurdish (Sorani) — کوردی
  • Kyrgyz — Кыргызча
  • Lao — ລາວ
  • Latin — Latina
  • Latvian — Latviešu
  • Lingala — Lingála
  • Lithuanian — Lietuvių
  • Luganda — Luganda
  • Luxembourgish — Lëtzebuergesch
  • Macedonian — Македонски
  • Maithili — मैथिली
  • Malagasy — Malagasy
  • Malay — Bahasa Melayu
  • Malayalam — മലയാളം
  • Maltese — Malti
  • Maori — Māori
  • Marathi — मराठी
  • Meiteilon (Manipuri) — ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ
  • Mizo — Mizo ṭawng
  • Mongolian — Монгол хэл
  • Myanmar (Burmese) — မြန်မာစာ
  • Nepali — नेपाली
  • Norwegian — Norsk
  • Odia (Oriya) — ଓଡ଼ିଆ
  • Oromo — Afaan Oromoo
  • Pashto — پښتو
  • Persian — فارسی
  • Polish — Polski
  • Portuguese — Português
  • Punjabi — ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
  • Quechua — Runa Simi
  • Romanian — Română
  • Russian — Русский
  • Samoan — Gagana Samoa
  • Sanskrit — संस्कृतम्
  • Scots Gaelic — Gàidhlig
  • Sepedi — Sepedi
  • Serbian — Српски
  • Sesotho — Sesotho
  • Shona — Shona
  • Sindhi — سنڌي
  • Sinhala — සිංහල
  • Slovak — Slovenčina
  • Slovenian — Slovenščina
  • Somali — Soomaali
  • Spanish — Español
  • Sundanese — Basa Sunda
  • Swahili — Kiswahili
  • Swedish — Svenska
  • Tajik — Тоҷикӣ
  • Tamil — தமிழ்
  • Tatar — Татар теле
  • Telugu — తెలుగు
  • Thai — ไทย
  • Tigrinya — ትግርኛ
  • Tsonga — Xitsonga
  • Turkish — Türkçe
  • Turkmen — Türkmençe
  • Twi — Twi
  • Ukrainian — Українська
  • Urdu — اردو
  • Uyghur — ئۇيغۇرچە
  • Uzbek — Oʻzbekcha
  • Vietnamese — Tiếng Việt
  • Welsh — Cymraeg
  • Xhosa — IsiXhosa
  • Yiddish — ייִדיש
  • Yoruba — Yorùbá
  • Zulu — IsiZulu
  • Breadcrumb

    1. Home
    2. Motoring
    3. Road safety
    4. Road users
    Road safety - your roads, your safety, your responsibility

    Towing safety information

    This page details road safety information for those towing a vehicle such as a caravan or trailer

    Whether you’re planning to tour with your caravan, transport horses or move a trailer load, towing gives you the freedom to take what you want, where you want.

    However, to make sure vehicle stability and the safety of other road users, you need to know the laws that apply to towing.

    Room to manoeuvre

    The Highway Code NI (Rule 160) says if you are driving a long vehicle or towing a trailer give other vehicles, especially cycles and motorcycles, plenty of room. Remember - the extra length will affect overtaking and manoeuvring and the extra weight will also affect the braking and acceleration.

    What you can tow with your licence

    If you passed a car test before 1 January 1997, you can usually
    drive a vehicle and trailer combination up to 8.25 tonnes (8,250kg) maximum authorised mass (MAM) or a minibus with a trailer over 750kg MAM. The MAM means the allowed maximum weight.

    If you passed your driving test on or after 1 January 1997 and have an
    ordinary category B (Car) licence, you are limited to vehicles up to 3.5 tonnes (3,500kg) MAM towing a trailer up to 750kg MAM, or a vehicle and trailer combination up to 3.5 tonnes (3,500kg) MAM. For anything heavier you need to pass a category B+E driving test.

    You can find more information on towing trailers and caravans at:

    • Cars towing trailers or caravans 

    Pulling your weight

    Most cars have a maximum weight they can tow. The Highway Code NI (Rule 98) says that you must not tow more than your licence permits.

    Towing limits are normally found in the vehicle handbook or specification sheet. Alternatively the vehicle’s gross train weight may be listed on the manufacturer’s plate.

    Width and length

    The maximum trailer width for any towing vehicle is 2.55 metres. The
    maximum length is 7 metres for a trailer towed by a vehicle weight up to 3.5 tonnes (3,500kg).

    Safety rules

    When towing, the equipment you use must meet certain safety standards.

    Towing bars

    Towing bars need to be ‘type approved’. A type approved tow bar will have a label with an approval number and details of the vehicles it is approved for. If your car was first used before 1 August 1998, your tow bar does not need to be type approved.

    Towing mirrors

    You must have an adequate view of the road behind you. If your caravan or trailer is wider than the rear of the towing vehicle, you may need to fit suitable towing mirrors. If you fail to do this you could receive three penalty points on your licence and a fine of up to £1,000.

    Trailer brakes

    Any trailer weighing over 750kgs must have a working brake system.
    Some smaller trailers also have brakes, although these are optional.
    The brakes on a trailer or caravan must be in good working order.

    Tow bar towing stabiliser

    A good stabiliser fitted to the tow bar can make the combination safer
    to handle. However, you are still responsible for loading the combination
    correctly. A good stabiliser will not cure instability caused by a poor towing
    vehicle/ trailer combination. The stabiliser does give added security in
    crosswinds, especially when large goods vehicles overtake on a motorway.

    A-frames and dollies

    If you attach an A-frame to a car to tow it with a larger vehicle,
    the car plus the A-frame count as a trailer. If you use a dolly to tow a
    broken-down vehicle, the dolly counts as a trailer. In both cases the usual
    Safety regulations for trailers apply.

    Towing an American caravan or trailer

    American trailers and caravans don’t always meet European safety
    regulations. If you want to use an American caravan or trailer in the UK or the EU, you must first check that it's legal.

    Safety checks

    Before starting your journey, check that the caravan, horsebox or trailer:

    •  is loaded correctly with the right nose weight on the tow bar
    •  is correctly hitched up with the breakaway cable attached, or secondary coupling head fully engaged and locked
    •  has lights and indicators which are connected and working correctly
    •  jockey wheel and assembly is fully retracted and in the stowed position
    •  braking system is working correctly
    •  windows, roof light and door are closed
    •  tyre pressures are adequate (as shown on tyre)

    In addition The Highway Code NI (Rule 98) says as a driver:

    • you must secure your load and it must not stick out dangerously - make sure heavy or sharp objects and animals are secured safely - If there is a collision, they might hit someone inside the vehicle and cause serious injury
    • you should properly distribute the weight in your caravan or trailer, with heavy items mainly over the axle(s) and make sure a downward load on the tow ball - The manufacturer’s recommended weight and tow ball load should not be exceeded - This should avoid the possibility of swerving or snaking and going out of control - If this does happen, ease off the accelerator and reduce speed gently to regain control
    • you may need to adjust the headlights when carrying a load or pulling a trailer -  if you have a breakdown, be aware that towing a vehicle on a tow rope is potentially dangerous - you should consider professional recovery
    • check your caravan, horsebox or trailer tyres for tread depth, damage and cracking of the sidewalls - even if the tread depth shows little wear or is above the legal minimum, the tyre may be suffering from the effects of ageing
    • check that your caravan, horsebox or trailer is fitted with tyres of the recommended rating (see the manufacturer’s handbook)

    Remember - never allow anyone to travel in the caravan, horsebox or trailer.

    How to tow at length

    Always be aware of the total weight, length and width of both vehicles.

    You should:

    • allow more time and brake earlier when slowing down or stopping
    • give yourself three times the normal distance and time to overtake safely
    • take account of the extra length, particularly when turning or emerging at junctions

    Reversing

    (Rules 200 - 203)

    •  choose an appropriate place to manoeuvre
    • if you need to turn your car and trailer around, wait until you find a safe place
    • do not reverse or turn around in a busy road
    • do not reverse from a side road into a main road - Look carefully before you start to reverse
    • check the ‘Blind Spot' behind you
    • check there are no vulnerable road users such as pedestrians (particularly children), motorcyclists and cyclists or obstructions in the road behind you
    • if possible, look mainly through the rear window
    • check all around just before you start to turn and be aware that the front of your vehicle will swing out as you turn
    •  get someone to guide you if you cannot see clearly

    Remember - You must not reverse your vehicle further than necessary.

    Snaking

    Never try to correct swerving or ‘snaking’ by increasing speed, steering
    sharply or braking hard. The best advice is to ease off the accelerator
    slowly, allow a certain amount of “twitch” in the steering, and reduce
    speed until the snaking has stopped.

    High sided vehicles

    Take extra care when passing or being passed by high-sided vehicles. Allow
    as much space as possible to avoid the effects of turbulence or buffeting.

    Speed limits

    Some speed limits are lower than normal when you are towing. Unless
    road signs tell you differently you must not exceed:

    • 30 miles per hour (mph) in built-up areas
    • 50 mph on single carriageways
    • 60 mph on dual carriageways or motorways

    Reduce your speed in high or crosswinds, when travelling downhill and in poor visibility.

    Motorway driving
    (Rules 263 & 265)

    On a motorway you must not reverse, cross the central reservation or drive missed your exit or have taken the wrong route, carry on to the next exit.

    Caravans, horseboxes or trailers should not be towed in the outside lane of
    a motorway having more than two lanes, unless other lanes are closed.

    Be considerate - other road users can often become frustrated by slow moving towing vehicles, which can lead to dangerous risks being taken. So check your mirrors often and if you are holding up a queue of traffic be prepared to pull in where it is safe to let other faster traffic pass.

    Download your free copy of The Highway Code NI

    This leaflet is available in other formats.
    Call: Safe and Accessible Travel Division

    Share this page Share on Facebook (external link opens in a new window / tab) Share on X (external link opens in a new window / tab) Share by email (external link opens in a new window / tab)

    Road users

    • Be a safe passenger
    • Be a safe pedestrian
    • Cycling
    • Driving in Northern Ireland – road safety for visitors
    • E-scooter, scrambler and quad safety
    • Eco safe driving for cars, lorries and buses
    • Horse safety on the road
    • Protective clothing
    • Road safety for children under seven
    • Road safety for seven to 11 year olds
    • Teenage road safety
    • Towing safety information
    • When you see animals wandering on the road

    Help improve this page - send your feedback

    What do you want to do?
    Report a problem
    Which problem did you find on this page? (Tick all that apply)

    Messages

    You will not receive a reply. We will consider your feedback to help improve the site.

    Don't include any personal or financial information, for example National Insurance, credit card numbers, or phone numbers.

    What is your question about?

    What to do next

    Comments or queries about angling can be emailed to anglingcorrespondence@daera-ni.gov.uk 

    If you have a comment or query about benefits, you will need to contact the government department or agency which handles that benefit.  Contacts for common benefits are listed below.

    Carer's Allowance

    Call 0800 587 0912
    Email 
    dcs.incomingpostteamdhc2@nissa.gsi.gov.uk

    Discretionary support / Short-term benefit advance

    Call 0800 587 2750 
    Email 
    customerservice.unit@communities-ni.gov.uk

    Disability Living Allowance

    Call 0800 587 0912 
    Email dcs.incomingpostteamdhc2@nissa.gsi.gov.uk

    Employment and Support Allowance

    Call 0800 587 1377

    Jobseeker’s Allowance

    Contact your local Jobs & Benefits office

    Personal Independence Payment

    Call 0800 587 0932

    If your query is about another benefit, select ‘Other’ from the drop-down menu above.

    Comments or queries about the Blue Badge scheme can be emailed to bluebadges@infrastructure-ni.gov.uk or you can also call 0300 200 7818.

    For queries or advice about careers, contact the Careers Service.

    For queries or advice about Child Maintenance, contact the Child Maintenance Service.

    For queries or advice about claiming compensation due to a road problem, contact DFI Roads claim unit.

    If you can’t find the information you’re looking for in the Coronavirus (COVID-19) section, then for queries about:

    • Restrictions or regulations — contact the Department of Health
    • Travel advice (including self-isolation) — contact the Department of Health
    • Coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccinations — contact the Department of Health or Public Health Agency

    If your query is about another topic, select ‘Other’ from the drop-down menu above.

    For queries about your identity check, email nida@nidirect.gov.uk and for queries about your certificate, email covidcertni@hscni.net.

    For queries or advice about criminal record checks, email ani@accessni.gov.uk

    Application and payment queries can be emailed to ema_ni@slc.co.uk

    For queries or advice about employment rights, contact the Labour Relations Agency.

    For queries or advice about birth, death, marriage and civil partnership certificates and research, contact the General Register Office Northern Ireland (GRONI) by email gro_nisra@finance-ni.gov.uk

    For queries about your GRONI account, email gro_nisra@finance-ni.gov.uk.

    For queries about the High Street Spend Local Scheme,  email HSSS.mail@economy-ni.gov.uk.

    For queries about:

    • Car tax, vehicle registration and SORN
      contact the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA), Swansea
       
    • Driver licensing and tests, MOT and vehicle testing
      contact the Driver & Vehicle Agency (DVA), Northern Ireland

    If your query is about another topic, select ‘Other’ from the drop-down menu above.

    For queries about your identity check, email nida@nidirect.gov.uk.

     

    For queries or advice about passports, contact HM Passport Office.

    For queries or advice about Penalty Charge Notices (PCNs), including parking tickets and bus lane PCNs, email dcu@infrastructure-ni.gov.uk

    For queries or advice about pensions, contact the Northern Ireland Pension Centre.

    If you wish to report a problem with a road or street you can do so online in this section.

    If you wish to check on a problem or fault you have already reported, contact DfI Roads.

    For queries or advice about historical, social or cultural records relating to Northern Ireland, use the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland (PRONI) enquiry service.

    For queries or advice about rates, email LPSCustomerTeam@lpsni.gov.uk

    For queries or advice about  60+ and Senior Citizen SmartPasses (which can be used to get concessionary travel on public transport), contact Smartpass - Translink.

    If you have a question about a government service or policy, you should contact the relevant government organisation directly.  We don't have access to information about you.

    Related sites

    • gov.uk
    • nibusinessinfo.co.uk

    Links to supporting information

    • Accessibility statement
    • Crown copyright
    • Terms and conditions
    • Privacy
    • Cookies
    • Twitter
    • Facebook
    • YouTube
    • RSS