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  • Breadcrumb

    1. Home
    2. Crime, justice and the law
    3. Crimes

    Strangulation and suffocation

    It is a crime to strangle another person or do anything that causes a person to have difficulty breathing even if the act does not cause injury or death. Anyone found guilty of trying to strangle or suffocate another person could go to prison.

    What is strangulation and suffocation

    Strangulation is when someone causes you to have problems breathing by using part of their body or an object on your neck. Suffocation is when someone covers your mouth and nose to prevent breathing.

    Common ways of strangulation or suffocation are:

    • using two hands around the victim’s neck
    • putting pressure on the victim’s neck using a body part like a foot, arm, knee, or anything else
    • pulling tightly using an object like a scarf or belt around the neck
    • hanging
    • covering the mouth and nose to prevent breathing

    Effects of strangulation or suffocation

    Strangulation not causing death (known as non-fatal strangulation) or suffocation (also called asphyxiation), will cause a lack of blood flow to the brain, which can cause serious harm resulting in a number of possible injuries, many of which leave no marks.

    Serious physical or psychological effects include:

    • dissection of the main neck arteries
    • blocking of blood flow to and from brain
    • brain swelling
    • miscarriage
    • stroke
    • loss of consciousness
    • brain injury
    • paralysis
    • movement disorders
    • speech disorders
    • incontinence
    • seizures
    • amnesia
    • PTSD
    • dissociation
    • suicide
    • depression
    • anxiety
    • personality change

    Spot the signs

    There are a number of signs or injuries around the neck, face and under chin area to look out for on someone who has been strangled:

    • bumps and bruises on the neck and face
    • small red spots on scalp or face area
    • scratch marks
    • bleeding from ear
    • broken or bloody nose
    • redness
    • fingernail impressions
    • markings around neck like rope burns
    • swelling

    Reporting a crime

    It is important to report any crime to help stop further offences from happening, as research shows people who try to strangle another person are more likely to go on to carry out murder.

    • How to report a crime

    Help for victims

    Women are the main victims of strangulation and suffocation however anyone can be a victim of non-fatal strangulation. It can happen during domestic abuse, in intimate relationships, or a violent act. There is help available for all victims of this crime.

    • Support services for victims

    More information

    You can get more information at:

    • The Institute for Addressing Strangulation
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    Crimes

    • Antisocial behaviour
    • Domestic abuse
    • Drugs and crime
    • Female genital mutilation
    • Film and music piracy
    • Gang crime
    • Gun crime
    • Hate crime
    • Knife crime and other offensive weapons
    • Modern slavery and human trafficking
    • Organised crime
    • Paying for sexual services
    • Rural crime
    • Sexual violence and abuse
    • Stalking
    • Stalking Protection Orders
    • Strangulation and suffocation
    • Up-skirting, down-blousing and cyber-flashing

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